Of Crimes and Punishments
Cesare Bonesana, Marchese Beccaria, 1738-1794
Originally published in Italian in 1764
| Dei delitti e delle pene. English: An essay on crimes and punishments.
Written by the Marquis Beccaria, of Milan. With a commentary attributed to
Monsieur de Voltaire. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by R. Bell, next door to
St. Paul's Church, in Third-Street. MDCCLXXVIII. [1778] Translated from the French by Edward D. Ingraham. Second American edition. Philadelphia (No. 175, Chesnut St.): Published by Philip H. Nicklin: A. Walker, printer, 24, Arch St., 1819. |
Introductory Material
Biographical Sketch
PortraitTable of Contents
Introduction. Chapter 01 Of the Origin of
Punishments. Chapter 02 Of the right to
punish. Chapter 03 Consequences of
the foregoing Principles. Chapter 04 Of the
Interpretation of Laws. Chapter 05 Of the Obscurity
of Laws. Chapter 06 Of the
Proportion between Crimes and Punishments. Chapter 07 Of estimating
the Degree of Crimes. Chapter 08 Of the Division
of Crimes. Chapter 09 Of Honour.
Chapter 10 Of Duelling.
Chapter 11 Of crimes which
disturb the Public Tranquillity. Chapter 12 Of the Intent of
Punishments. Chapter 13 Of the
Credibility of Witnesses. Chapter 14 Of Evidence and
the Proofs of a Crime, and of the Form of Judgment. Chapter 15 Of secret
Accusations. Chapter 16 Of Torture.
Chapter 17 Of pecuniary
Punishments. Chapter 18 Of Oaths.
Chapter 19 Of the Advantage
of immediate Punishment. Chapter 20 Of Acts of
violence. Chapter 21 Of the
Punishment of the Nobles. Chapter 22 Of Robbery.
Chapter 23 Of Infamy
considered as a Punishment. Chapter 24 Of Idleness.
Chapter 25 Of Banishment
and Confiscation. Chapter 26 Of the Spirit of
Family in States. Chapter 27 Of the Mildness
of Punishments. Chapter 28 Of the
Punishment of Death. Chapter 29 Of
imprisonment. Chapter 30 Of Prosecution
and Prescription. Chapter 31 Of Crimes of
difficult Proof. Chapter 32 Of Suicide.
Chapter 33 Of
Smuggling. Chapter 34 Of bankrupts
Chapter 35 Of
Sanctuaries. Chapter 36 Of Rewards for
apprehending or killing Criminals. Chapter 37 Of Attempts,
Accomplices, and Pardon. Chapter 38 Of suggestive
Interrogations. Chapter 39 Of a particular
Kind of Crimes. Chapter 40 Of false Ideas
of Utility. Chapter 41 Of the Means of
preventing Crimes. Chapter 42 Of the
Sciences. Chapter 43 Of
Magistrates. Chapter 44 Of rewards.
Chapter 45 Of
Education. Chapter 46 Of Pardons.
Chapter 47 Conclusion.
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